Bajigur

Bajigur adalah minuman khas Indonesia dari daerah Jawa Barat. Bahan utamanya adalah kopi, gula aren, dan santan. Untuk menambah kenikmatan dicampurkan pula sedikit garam dan bubuk vanili.
Minuman yang disajikan panas ini biasa dijual dengan menggunakan gerobak yang menyertakan kompor. Bajigur paling cocok diminum pada saat cuaca dingin dan basah sehabis hujan. Makanan yang sering dihidangkan bersama bajigur adalah pisang rebus, ubi rebus, atau kacang rebus.
Di wilayah berbahasa Jawa, bajigur merupakan eufemisme (penghalusan) dari kata umpatan "bajingan"

Tapai singkong

Peuyeum gantung yang dijual di tepi jalan di Jawa Barat

Tapai singkong adalah tapai yang dibuat dari singkong yang difermentasi. Makanan ini populer di Jawa dan dikenal di seluruh tempat, mulai dari Jawa Barat hingga Jawa Timur. Di
Jawa Barat, tapai singkong dikenal sebagai peuyeum (bahasa Sunda).
Pembuatan tapai melibatkan umbi singkong sebagai substrat dan ragi tapai (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) yang dibalurkan pada umbi yang telah dikupas kulitnya. Ada dua teknik pembuatan yang menghasilkan tapai biasa, yang basah dan lunak, dan tapai kering, yang lebih legit dan dapat digantung tanpa mengalami kerusakan. Tapai kering populer di daerah Priangan utara (Purwakarta dan Subang), dan dikenal sebagai buah tangan khas dari daerah ini (dikenal sebagai peuyeum gantung, karena diperdagangkan dengan digantung.).
Pusat penghasil tapai yang lainnya adalah Bondowoso, Jawa Timur.

Misro

Misro merupakan makanan khas dari Jawa Barat. Terbuat dari parutan singkong yang bagian dalamnya diisi dengan gula merah kemudian digoreng, karena itulah dinamai Misro yang merupakan kependekan dari amis di jero (bahasa Sunda, artinya: manis di dalam). Bentuknya bulat. Makanan ini enak disantap saat hangat.

Colenak

Colenak adalah singkatan dicocol enak (bahasa sunda),merupakan makanan yang dibuat dari peuyeum (tape singkong) yang dibakar kemudian disajikan dengan saus yang terbuat dari parutan kelapa dan gula merah. Makanan khas Bandung yang masih bertahan meski saat ini agak jarang yang menjualnya. Karena kandungan gula di dalam tape maka tape tersebut mudah gosong, meski ini adalah bagian yang terenak bagi beberapa orang.

Combro

Comro atau combro atau gemet merupakan makanan khas dari Jawa Barat. Comro terbuat dari parutan singkong yang dibentuk bulat atau lonjong yang bagian dalamnya diisi dengan sambal oncom kemudian digoreng, karena itulah dinamai comro yang merupakan kependekan dari oncom di jero (bahasa Sunda, artinya: oncom di dalam, begitu juga halnya dengan gemet merupakan kependekan dari dage saemet artinya dage di dalam yang artinya kurang lebih
sama. Makanan ini lebih enak disantap saat masih hangat.

Tahu Sumedang

Tahu Sumedang

Tahu Sumedang dalam keranjang rotannya yang khas

Colenak

Colenak adalah singkatan dicocol enak (bahasa sunda),merupakan makanan yang dibuat dari peuyeum (tape singkong) yang dibakar kemudian disajikan dengan saus yang terbuat dari parutan kelapa dan gula merah. Makanan khas Bandung yang masih bertahan meski saat ini agak jarang yang menjualnya. Karena kandungan gula di dalam tape maka tape tersebut mudah gosong, meski ini adalah bagian yang terenak bagi beberapa orang.

Serabi

Serabi merupakan salah satu makanan ringan atau jajanan pasar yang berasal dari Indonesia. Serabi serupa dengan pancake (pannekoek atau pannenkoek) namun terbuat dari tepung beras (bukan tepung terigu) dan diberi kuah cair yang manis (biasanya dari gula kelapa). Kuah ini bervariasi menurut daerah di Indonesia.

Kue serabi tanpa kuah

Kue serabi dengan kuah gula manis

Lotek

Lotek hampir sama dengan pecel, yakni makanan berupa rebusan sayuran segar yang disiram dressing berupa sambal dicampur bumbu kacang. Keunikannya, sebagai bahan sambal di samping kacang seringkali ditambahkan tempe dan dalam bumbunya ditambahkan terasi, gula merah, dan bawang putih. Secara umum, lotek terasa lebih manis daripada pecel. Selain itu, kalau sambal pecel bumbu sudah dicampur sebelumnya, untuk lotek bumbu baru ditambahkan ketika akan dihidangkan.
Lotek dapat disajikan dengan lontong atau nasi hangat, disertai dengan kerupuk dan bawang goreng.

Contoh Resep Lotek

Bahan 10 lonjor kacang panjang,potong-potong 1 buah labu siam,rebus matang 1 ikat kangkung, siangi 50 gram touge,seduh air panas, tiriskan 100 gram nangka muda, potong-potong 100 gram tempe ,goreng 2 buah tahu ukuran sedang goreng
Bumbu/Saus 250 gram kacang tanah,goreng 3 buah cabe merah besar,rebus 5 buah cabe rawit merah,rebus 3 cm kencur 1/2 sdt garam 1 sdm gula merah sisir 2 sdm air asam jawa 100 ml air hangat
Taburan Bawang goreng dan kerupuk Cara membuat lotek
Rebus sayuran hingga matang,tiriskan. Bumbu/saus:siapkan cobek batu,haluskan cabe merah,cabe rawit,kencur, garam,dan gula merah,tambahkan kacang tanah,haluskan ,aduk rata.Masukan air asam jawa dan air,aduk rata. Masukan sepotong nangka yang telah direbus,aduk rata. Penyajian:campur sayuran dengan bumbu,tempe,dan tahu goreng, aduk rata. Tata dalam pingan, taburi dengan bawang goreng dan kerupuk merah. Sajikan segera. Untuk:4-6 orang

Empal gentong adalah makanan khas masyarakat Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Makanan ini mirip dengan gulai (gule) dan dimasak menggunakan kayu bakar (pohon mangga) di dalam gentong (periuk tanah liat).Daging yang digunakan adalah usus, babat dan daging sapi. Empal gentong berasal dari desa Battembat, kecamatan Tengah Tani, Kabupaten Cirebon.
Selain menggunakan kayu bakar dan gentong, makanan ini disajikan menggunakan kucai(Chlorella sorokiniana) dan sambal berupa cabai kering giling.Empal gentong dapat disajikan dengan nasi atau juga lontong. lontong menurut orang cirebon hanyalah beras yang dimasukan kedalam daun pisang yang sudah dibentuk silinder, tidak ada campuran lainnya, kemudian direbus selama 4 jam.

Empal gentong

Makanan Khas Jawa Barat

Karedok atau keredok adalah makanan khas daerah di Indonesia. Karedok dibuat dengan bahan-bahan sebagai berikut antara lain ketimun, tauge, kol, kacang panjang, daun kemangi, dan terong. Sedangkan sausnya dibuat dari cabai merah, bawang putih, kencur, kacang tanah, air asam, gula jawa, garam, dan terasi.

Karedok
Informasi
Asal	Indonesia
Daerah	Jawa Barat (daerah Pasundan)

WEST JAVA TOURISM MAP

KAWAH PUTIH CIWIDEY – JAWA BARAT

 Seperti yang diungkapkan oleh sebuah sumber dari internet, kawah ini (2.194m dpl) sebenarnya terbentuk akibat letusan Gunung Patuha pada abad X dan XII silam. Gunung Patuha, atau sering jg disebut oleh masyarakat sekitar sebagai Gunung Sepuh (Pak Tua), memiliki ketinggian 2.434m diatas permukaan laut dan bersuhu sekitar 8-22 derajat celcius.

Air kawah ini katanya sedikit berbeda dengan kawah lain di Jawa Barat. warna air yang terang dan selalu berubah2 akhirnya menjadi daya tarik tersendiri. permukaan kawah umumnya berbatu dan berpasir warna putih, sehingga kawah ini kemudian dikenal sebagai kawah putih. beberapa peneliti mengatakan bahwa gunung patuha masih aktif, sehingga ditemukan beberapa pancaran kawah yang masih bergejolak. didekat tempat ini pula ditemukan sebuah goa sedalam 5 meter yang pernah dipakai sebagai tambang belerang. tak heran jika beberapa kawah tiba2 beruap banyak, dan pengunjung didapati terbatuk2 akibat menghirup hawa belerang yang berbau sangat tajam.


Seperti yang diungkapkan sumber di atas, berbagai jenis flora dan fauna turut memperkaya keberadaan tempat wisata ini. Beberapa jenis flora antara lain Cantigi, Lemo (konon berbau seperti minyak lawang dan dapat digunakan untuk mengusir ular), Vaccinium (tanaman khas yang hidup didaerah kawah), serta Eidelweis yang tumbuh di puncak gunung. Sedangkan jenis fauna yang kerap muncul antara lain elang, monyet, kancil, babi hutan, macan kumbang dan macan tutul.

Dahulu kala, masyarakat menganggap kawasan ini kawasan yang angker karena banyak burung mati seketika melewati kawah ini. katanya lagi di tempat ini merupakan kerajaan jin dan tempat bersemayam roh para leluhur. kepercayaan inipun lantas dibantah, ketika pada tahun 1837 seorang ilmuwan Belanda Jerman Dr. Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn melakukan penilitian dan menemukan bahwa keangkeran tsb tidak lain disebabkan oleh adanya semburan lava belerang yang berbau sangat menyengat. namun saat ditemukannya fakta tersebut masyarakat belum tertarik menjadikan tempat ini sebagai objek wisata. baru setelah PT Perhutani mengembangkan tahun 1987, kawasan kawah putih dijadikan sebuah objek wisata di jawa barat.
Menurut keterangan dan gambar yang diperoleh ESDM, belerang/sulfur merupakan mineral hasil proses vulkanis yang berwarna cenderung kuning atau kehitam2an. Sifat belerang antara lain tidak larut dalam air dan dapat larut dalam minyak bumi, minyak tanah, penghantar panas dan listrik yang buruk. apabila dibakar apinya berwarna biru dan engasilkan gas SO2 yang berbau busuk. Belerang banyak digunakan di industri pupuk, kertas, cat, plastik, bahan sintetis, mengolahan minyak bumi, karet, gula pasir, accu, kimia, bahan peledak, petenunan, film dan fotografi, logam serta besi baja. Di indonesia telah diketahui 6 propinsi yang memiliki potensi belerang dengan total cadangan sekitar 5,4 juta. untuk tipe sublimasi, selama gunung berapi masih aktif maka belerang tipe ini dapat diproduksi, sehingga sumber daya belerang sublimasi dianggap tidak terbatas.

Back to kawah putih, menuju tempat ini tidaklah sulit. Lokasi kawah putih dapat ditempuh melalui perjalanan sejauh 46 km atau 2,5 jam ke arah selatan kota Bandung. dari pintu masuk, masih ada sekitar 5km yang harus dilalui. sepanjang perjalanan tersebut kita bs menemui hutan hujan tropis dan Eucalyptus. pulang dari kawah putih kalian bs meneruskan perjalanan ke Situ Patengan or berkemah ke Ranca Upas, yang juga merupakan tempat penangkaran rusa, dan jangan lupa singgah di perkebunan strawberry di kawasan Rancabali. disana kalian bs memetik sendiri buahnya tuk dibawa pulang.

Sundanese people

Not to be confused with Sudanese people.

Sundanese Urang Sunda

Elderly Sundanese woman near a rice paddy, at Garut, West Java.
Total population
30.9 million (2000 census)
Regions with significant populations
Indonesia West Java: 26.5 million Banten: 1.8 million Jakarta: 1.2 million
Languages
Sundanese, Indonesian, Javanese
Religion
Predominately Muslim.
Related ethnic groups
Javanese, Betawi, Baduy people

The Sundanese are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Indonesian island of Java. They number approximately 31 million. The Sundanese are predominantly Muslim.
The Sundanese have traditionally been concentrated in the provinces of West Java, Banten and Jakarta, and the western part of Central Java. The provinces of Central Java and East Java are home to the Javanese, Indonesia's largest ethnic group.
Sundanese culture has borrowed much from Javanese culture, however it differs by being more overtly Islamic, and has a much less rigid system of social hierarchy.^[1]

Origins and history

The Sundanese are of Austronesian origins who are thought to have originated in Taiwan, migrated though the Philippines, and reached Java between 1,500BCE and 1,000BCE.^[2]
The Sunda Wiwitan belief contains the legend of origin of Sundanese people; Sang Hyang Kersa, the supreme divine being in ancient Sundanese belief created seven bataras (deities) in Sasaka Pusaka Buana (The Sacred Place on Earth). The oldest of these bataras is called Batara Cikal and is considered the ancestor of the Kanekes people. Other six bataras ruled various locations in Sunda lands in Western Java. A Sundanese legend of Sangkuriang contain the memory of the prehistoric ancient lake in Bandung basin highland, which suggest that Sundanese already inhabit the region since stoneage era. Another popular Sundanese proverb and legend mentioned about the creation of Parahyangan (Priangan) highlands, the heartland of Sundanese realm; "When the hyangs (gods) were smiling, the land of Parahyangan was created". This legend suggested the Parahyangan highland as the playland or the abode of gods, as well as suggesting its natural beauty.
Hindu influences has reached Sundanese people as early as 4th century CE as evident in Tarumanagara inscriptions. Court cultures flourished in ancient times, for example, the Sunda Kingdom, however, the Sundanese appear not to have had the resources nor desire to construct large religious monuments similar to those in Central and East Java.^[1]
Inland Sunda is mountainous and hilly, and until the 19th century, was thickly forested and sparsely populated. The Sundanese traditionally live in small and isolated hamlets, rendering control by indigenous courts difficult. The Sundanese, in contrast to the Javanese, traditionally engage in dry-field farming. These factors resulted in the Sundanese having a less rigid social hierarchy and more independent social manners.^[1] In the 19th century, Dutch colonial exploitation opened much of the interior for coffee, tea, and quinine production, and the highland society took on a frontier aspect, further strengthening the individualistic Sundanese mindset.^[1]

Language

The Sundanese language is spoken by approximately 27 million people^[3] and is the second most widely-spoken regional language in Indonesia,^[4] after Javanese. This language is spoken in the southern part of the Banten province, and most of West Java and eastwards as far as the Pamali River in Brebes, Central Java.^{[citation needed]}
Sundanese is more closely related to Malay and Minang than it is to Javanese, although Sundanese has borrowed the language levels denoting rank and respect.^[1]

Map showing the location of the Sundanese in Java

There are several dialects of Sundanese, from the Sunda-Banten dialect to the Sunda-Central Javanese dialect which mixes elements of Javanese. Some of the most distinct dialects are from Banten, Bogor, Priangan, and Cirebon. In Central Java, Sundanese is spoken in some of the Cilacap region and some of the Brebes region.

Religion

The initial religious system of the Sundanese was animism and dynamism with reverence to ancestral and natural spirits, yet bears some traits of monotheism. The best indications are found in the oldest epic poems (wawacan) and among the remote Baduy tribe. This religion is called Sunda Wiwitan ("early Sundanese").^[5] The rice agriculture had shaped the culture, beliefs and ritual system of traditional Sundanese people, among other the reverence to Nyai Pohaci Sanghyang Asri as the goddess of rice and fertility. The land of Sundanese people in Western Java is among the earliest place in Indonesian archipelago that being exposed to Indian Hindu-Buddhist influences. Tarumanagara followed by Sunda Kingdom adopted Hinduism as early as 4th century. The Batujaya stupa complex in Karawang shows Buddhist influences in West Java.
Around 15th to 16th century Islam began to spread among Sundanese people, accelerated after the fall of Hindu Sunda Kingdom and the establishment of Islamic Sultanate of Banten and Cirebon in coastal West Java. Today, most Sundanese are Muslims.

Culture and artforms

A young Sundanese woman.

Sundanese culture has borrowed much from Javanese culture, however it differs by being more overtly Islamic, and has a much less rigid system of social hierarchy.^[1] The Sundanese, in their mentality and behavior, their greater egalitarianism and antipathy to yawning class distinctions, their community-based material culture, of feudal hierarchy, apparent among the people of the Javanese Principality.^{[clarification needed]} Central Javanese court culture nurtured in atmosphere conducive to elite, stylized, impeccably-polished forms of art and literature.^{[clarification needed]} In a pure sense, Sundanese culture bore few traces of these traditions.^[6]
The art and culture of Sundanese people reflect historical influences by various cultures that include pre-historic native animism and shamanism traditions, ancient Hindu-Buddhist heritage, and Islamic culture.^{[citation needed]} The Sundanese have very vivid, orally-transmitted memories of grand era of the Sunda Kingdom.^[7] The oral tradition of Sundanese people is called Pantun Sunda, the chant of poetic verses employed for story-telling. It is the counterpart of Javanese tembang, similar but quite different with Malay pantun. Traditional artforms include pencak silat martial arts, angklung bamboo music, kecapi suling music, gamelan degung, jaipongan and other dances, and wayang golek puppetry.^{[citation needed]} Many forms of kejawen dance, literature, gamelan music and shadow puppetry (wayang kulit) derive from the Javanese.^[1] Sundanese shadow puppetry is more influenced by Islamic folklore than the influence of Indian epics present in Javanese versions.^[1]

Wayang Golek, traditional Sundanese puppetry.

Sundanese literature was basically oral; their arts (architecture, music, dance, textiles, ceremonies, etc.) substantially preserved traditions from an earlier phase of civilization, stretching back even to the Neolithic, and never overwhelmed (as eastward, in Java) by aristocratic Hindu-Buddhist ideas. ^[8]
Sundanese culture and tradition are usually centred around the agricultural cycle. Festivities such as "Seren Taun" harvest ceremony is held in such high importance, especially in the traditional Sundanese community in Cipta Gelar village, Cisolok, Sukabumi, and the traditional Sundanese community in Kuningan and Kampung Naga.^{[citation needed]}
Since early times, Sundanese have predominantly been farmers.^[9] They tend to be reluctant to be government officer and legislators.^[10]

Angklung, a traditional musical instrument from West Java, Indonesia

Angklung is a traditional musical instrument from West Java, Indonesia. This instrument is made of bamboo. One angklung instrument produces one tone, for example an F tone. Therefore, we need several angklung instruments to play a song. You have to shake the instrument to produce the tone. Usually angklung are played by a group of people to perform a song. Every player in that group cooperates with each other in order to produce a harmonious sound.
I remember when I played angklung back then when I was in university. I & lots of people from all over Indonesia were performing several songs in the area of Presidential palace to celebrate 50th Indonesia Independence day. My group was playing certain part of the song & several other groups were playing other parts of the song. So, all of these groups had to be united into one enormous group, in order to be able to play one complete song. Before all groups met in Jakarta to play one complete song, each group had been given only its part of the song. So, before we went to Jakarta, my group was only practicing our part of the song, in Bandung. Other groups were also only practicing their part of the song, in their cities. Then one day, all groups met in Jakarta to practice playing one complete song, for each song that we had to play in the area of Presidential palace several days later. It’s not easy to play a complete song in such an enormous group because each group had never heard and never practiced a complete song before that day. But finally we made it.

Culture Of West Java

The oldest human inhabitant archaeological findings in the region were unearthed in Anyer (the western coast of Java) with evidence of bronze and iron metallurgical culture dating to the first millennium AD.^[5] The prehistoric Buni (near present-day Bekasi) clay pottery were later developed with evidence found in Anyer to Cirebon. Artefacts (dated from 400 BC — AD 100) such as food and drink containers were found mostly as burial gifts.^[5] There is also archeological evidence in Batujaya Archaeological Site dating from the 2nd century,^{[citation needed]} and according to Dr Tony Djubiantono, the head of Bandung Archeology Agency, Jiwa Temple in Batujaya, Karawang, West Java was also built around this time.^{[citation needed]}
The earliest known recorded history is from the former Tarumanagara kingdom where seven fourth century stones are inscribed in Wengi letters (used in the Indian Pallava period) and in Sanskrit describing the kings of the kingdom Tarumanagara.^[5] Records of Tarumanegara's administration lasted until the sixth century, which coincides with the attack of Srivijaya as stated in the Kota Kapur inscription (AD 686).
The Sunda kingdom subsequently became the ruling power of the region, as recorded on the Kebon Kopi II inscription (AD 932).^[5]
An Ulama, Sunan Gunung Jati, settled in Banten Girang, with the intention of spreading the world of Islam in the pagan town. In the meantime, the Sultanate of Demak in central Java grew to an immediate threat against the Sunda kingdom. To defend against the threat, Prabu Surawisesa Jayaperkosa signed a treaty (known as the Luso Sundanese Treaty) with the Portuguese in 1512. In return, the Portuguese was granted an accession to build fortresses and warehouses in the area, as well as trading agreement with the kingdom. This first international treaty of West Java with the Europeans was commemorated by the placement of the Padrao stone monument at the riverbank of the Ciliwung River in 1522.
Although the treaty with Portuguese had been established, it could not come to realization. Sunda Kalapa harbour fell under the alliance of the Sultanate of Demak and the Sultanate of Cirebon (former vassal state of Sunda kingdom) in 1524 after their troops under Paletehan alias Fadillah Khan had conquered the city. In 1524/1525, their troops under Sunan Gunung Jati also seized the port of Banten and established the Sultanate of Banten which was affiliating with the Sultanate of Demak. The war between the Sunda kingdom with Demak and Cirebon sultanates then continued for five years until a peace treaty were made in 1531 between King Surawisesa and Sunan Gunung Jati. From 1567 to 1579, under the last king Raja Mulya, alias Prabu Surya Kencana, Sunda kingdom declined essentially under the pressure from the Sultanate of Banten. After 1576, the kingdom could not maintain its capital at Pakuan Pajajaran (the present-day Bogor) and gradually the Sultanate of Banten took over the former Sunda kingdom's region. The Mataram Sultanate from central Java also seized the Priangan region, the southeastern part of the kingdom.
In the sixteenth century, the Dutch and the British trading companies established their trading ships in West Java after the falldown of Sultanate of Banten. For the next three hundred years, West Java fell under the Dutch East Indies' administration. West Java was officially declared as a province of Indonesia in 1950, referring to a statement from Staatblad number 378. On October 17, 2000, as part of nationwide political decentralization, Banten was separated from West Java and made into a new province. There have been recent proposals to rename the province Pasundan ("Province of the Sundanese") after the historical name for West Java.^[6][7]